The article considers the interests of the Russian Federation in relation to a number of Central Asian countries (Central Asia), as well as the prospects for the development of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the states of the region in the context of global transformations. The system of bilateral relations between Russia and the countries of the region Central Asia was analyzed: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan .It has been concluded that, despite major economic changes, which led to the fact that the investment and trade prospects in the Central Asian region shifted from the Russian Federation to China, Russia still remains the main economic force in the region, and the growth of China’s economy in Central Asia does not directly contradict Russia's interests. and in many ways complements them.