This article is devoted to the role of the energy factor in the formation of the foreign policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The author conducted a brief analysis of the oil and gas strategy of Azerbaijan. The factors that determine the interest in the Caspian not only coastal, but also non-regional States are identified, the features of the geopolitical situation around the Caspian sea are considered. The article also notes the growing competition between the countries for access to hydrocarbon reserves in the Caspian region and pays special attention to the international legal status of the Caspian sea.